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Hebrew Israelite Warrior Battles in the Last Days!

SACRED NAME OF GOD? or BLASPHEMY?

By Roger Hathaway

        I genuinely appreciate that many people are attempting to take a sincere religious position by honoring a sacred name for God, like Yahweh. I think it is being done somewhat in reaction against the organized Christian churches which are nothing more than painted sepulchres. Unfortunately, most people are not aware that such "sacred?" names originated in non-Israelite pagan cultures of the Ancient Near East. There is evidence that YHWH was the name of a god worshiped by neighboring races but there is no evidence that such a name was used by true Israelites in ancient times. From the historical evidence, it appears that the Edomites have given true Israelites one more fraud which some of our people have claimed with enthusiasm, even making it central to their religion. Here are some details of the history of the word YHWH.
        It seems that the use of a personal name for God, specifically YHWH, came into practice during the captivities as some of the Israelites adopted this Aramaean deity. The name probably came officially to the Israelite religion when the Edomites joined the Jerusalem Temple about 150 years before Christ. There is evidence that Yahweh had been the Edomite's lord as far back as 1,400 BC. The oldest known appearance of the name YHWH outside the Holy Land was in Egypt about 1,400 BC where it is found on lists with five other sacred names. A Rameses II (1304-1237) list has it 6 times. In an Amon temple of AmenhotepIII (1417-1379 BC) the name is associated with Seir (Edom). Other evidence places it with Syria at 1,400 BC. That was near the time of Moses. What is significant and important is that the Egyptian lists do not associate the name with the Israelites who were a nearby existing community at the time. Inside the Palestine area, the earliest appearance of the name is on the Mesha Stele (9th C. BC), a royal inscription, where Mesha, the king of Moab, recounts the favor of Moab's deity in delivering Moab from control of its neighbor, Israel.  It appears to me that, since the name had been connected with Edom from the 14th C. BC, it probably became important to the Jerusalem Temple after the Edomites took that over, after they had been forced by John Hyrcanus to convert to the Hebrew religion in the Jerusalem Temple.
        As we know, it was only a few years after their "conversion?" that the Edomites had taken over Jerusalem, the Temple, the region politics with their own Herod as king, and the economy. The Edomites would have been right at home with Babylonian Talmudic Phariseeism and may have already held that practice before they took over Jerusalem. That religion had a mystic branch of kabbalistic magic. The sacred name, YHWH, was a key to their magic. As legend has it, the sacred name of a deity is so powerful that the person who knows it then has the power to use that name to command the deity to grant his wishes. Of the fifty four sacred names in the Jewish kabbalah, the primary one is YHWH. For the Edomites who had taken over the Jerusalem Temple and its religion, YHWH was a deity they had long worshipped as a part of their Pagan religion. Paganism was actually started by Cain, himself, and it stayed pretty much with the Cain race until spreading into Greece and Egypt and Italy. That Pagan mother-goddess religion was prevalent throughout the entire mid-east, each group having its own names for the deities. See my article on Paganism for the full history of it. Click on http://remnantradio.org/Archives/articles/PAGANISM.htm. It is likely that the name YHWH was used by Edom, along with Syria and Moab and perhaps some other close neighbors.
        The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel never used any personal name to distinguish Him from any peers because He had no peers. Therefore, no personal name was ever needed. The only name He gave for Himself was "I am," which indicated that He is to be identified with all existence. The Greek Septuagint Old Testament of 285BC never used any sacred name for God, nor was such ever mentioned by other ancient writers such as the Israelite historians, Philo, and Josephus, or the later Eusebius, or even the Jewish Aristeas the Exegete who wrote his commentary on the Greek Septuagint. The word did not appear in any Old Testament text until the Masoretic Text of 1000AD!
     
        From the viewpoint of modern theologians, it must first be understood that they all still accept the Masoretic Hebrew text of 1,000 AD as the true ancient language and Old Testament of our patriarchs. Since that Masoretic Text includes the four letter tetragrammeton, YHWH, over 6,000 times, theologians are forced to speculate that Moses must have put it in his Pentateuch. The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 6, p. 1012, reads as follows: "In terms of the biblical narrative, some suggest that Moses derived the name of Yahweh from the Egyptians, while others think Yahweh was a Midianite deity worshipped by the Kenite clan. Moses would have been introduced to this new deity when he married the daughter of Jethro..." Certainly, Moses would have been acquainted with the Pagan religion of the Egyptians. But, even if the Pentateuch was actually written by Moses (which is not known for sure) in the 15th C. BC, he could not have written it in the Hebrew language which was not formed until the time of the Israelite captivities, from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, when the captive Israelites merged their native Phoenician language with the Aramaic of their captors. Now, I ask you, who wants to raise his hand to claim that Moses adopted the name of a foreign deity as a substitute for "God" or "Lord." If we set aside the closed-minded obduracy of modern scholarship, we can see that Moses did not write any text in the modern Hebrew language because it did not exist at that time, nor was there any Hebrew alphabet or script. The oldest Old Testament text known is the Greek Septuagint of 285 BC, and the word does not appear in it one single time, or in any other ancient Israelite writing, with one exception which I will mention now.

        To place this information in proper context, recall that the northern kingdom of Israelites, who had turned to other gods, had been purged from the Holy Land during the 8th century BC, along with most of Judea. It would not be until 586 BC that the last three unconquered cities of Judea, namely Jerusalem, Azekah, and Lachish, would be defeated. Archaeologists have found eighteen ostraca (clay sherds) in the city of Lachish from about 590 BC, most of them being letters from subordinates to a man named Yaosh, the military governor of Lachish. It is unknown if the writer was Israelite or Babylonian. I will quote one of the letters which uses the name YHWH casually as is typical in other documents of that time, certainly not with any reluctance to use a sacred name!
        Ostracon III reads as follows: "Thy servant Hoshayahu hath sent to inform my lord: May Yahweh bring you peaceful tidings! And now (you have sent a letter but my lord did not) enlighten your servant concerning the letter which my lord sent to your servant yesterday. For the heart of your servant has been sick since you did send to your servant. And now when my lord said, 'You don't know how to read a letter!' as Yahweh lives, no one has ever tied to read a letter to me, and indeed any letter which may have come to me, I have certainly not read it . . . at all.
And your servant has been informed, saying, 'The commander of the army, Konyahu, son of Elnathan, has gone down on his way to Egypt, and Hodawyahu, son of Ahiyahu, and his men have sent me to obtain . . .'
And as for the letter of Tobyahu, servant of the king, which came to Shallum, son of Yaddua, though the instrumentality of the prophet, saying 'Take care!' your servant has sent it to my lord."
        You can note the casual use of the name Yahweh without any hesitance in this military correspondence, certainly not with any hint that the name was so sacred it shouldn't be spoken or written! Furthermore, many of the other personal names contain yahu as parts of the names. At the time of this letter in 590 BC, it would only be four more years before Lachish was conquered as a punishment from God because His Israelite children had gone chasing after Pagan gods. Yahweh was likely one of them! The Pagan religion was being practiced in the Jerusalem Temple. Ezekiel had been taken captive to Babylon in 598 BC, where he was shown a vision from God in 593 BC, about iniquities inside that Temple. Ezekiel 8:13, 14 - "(13)Then He said to me, you shall see still greater transgressions which they are committing. (14) Then He led me to the vestibule of the gate of the house of the Lord facing the north, and behold here were women sitting there, weeping for Tammuz." Tammuz was the dead son for whom worshippers wept in that religion of lamentations.

        Edomites were evicted from their land in 312 BC by the Nabateans, then emigrating to a region of southern Judea which was called Idumea. Then in 132 BC, the leader of Jerusalem, John Hyrcanus, forced the troublesome Edomites to be circumcised and convert to the Jerusalem temple religion of Talmudic Phariseeism. Within a century, Judea was being run by an Edomite dictator, Herod the Great, followed by his descendant Herods. The Edomites had become Judeans. When Jesus called His sheep away from that corrupt temple religion, to be Christians, the Edomites continued to be called Judeans, which is translated into English as Jews.That race of Edomites continues to be called Jews to this day. They are the eternal enemies of Christ, and certainly NOT God's chosen ones. But, I'm getting off track.
        A Christian brother, who has honored the name of Yahweh, recently referred me to a couple fragments of parchment, found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, which are Greek texts that contain the name YHWH. While the general text is Greek, the tetragrammeton is written in what modern scholars call "Paleo-Hebrew" letters, implying that ancient Hebrews had an early script of their own. But, the letters are actually Phoenician characters. Anyway, one of these parchment fragments is dated from between 50 BC and 50 AD. The other is dated in the first century AD, but it would have to be prior to 68 AD when the scrolls were buried. Finding the tetragrammeton in Greek Septuagint text is nearly like finding the Holy Grail for one who wants to believe God has a sacred name. These fragments have supported the Yahwists, who can point to them and say, "See, this proves that the tetragrammeton was used in the ORIGINAL Septuagint!" In their court, they can proudly sit down and say, "The defense rests. Case closed." They have subsequently decried the Greek Septuagint texts of the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus manuscripts as faulty, assuming the tetragrammeton was deliberately removed. If the Yahwists were right in drawing the conclusion that YHWH was in the original Septuagint, I would personally apologize for my criticisms of it, and would honor that sacred name for God with sincere enthusiasm. But, wait just a moment. There is more to this story, and it supports an opposite conclusion.
        Let's recall that the Edomites took over the Jerusalem Temple and the religion more than a century prior to Christ. Let's also understand that the Dead Sea Scrolls are collections of widely diverse writings of all types which are from private libraries of people of Jerusalem; perhaps some of them are even from the Temple. The scrolls were buried about 68 AD because the Edomites of Jerusalem (the Jews) were under attack by Rome. They buried their precious writings because such scribal products were very valuable - no printing presses! The Edomites had taken over Jerusalem and had persecuted and oppressed the true Israelites, pushing most of them out of the city to the fringes where many of them suffered poverty. So, these scrolls are mostly, probably ALL, from Edomites who had changed the Hebrew religion to their Talmudic Phariseeism. It appears that they were altering Old Testament texts to read YHWH where the original Septuagint had "God" or "Lord."  So, the parchment fragments do NOT prove the original Septuagint used the tetragrammeton.
        My own personal conclusion is more firm than ever, that the Edomite Jews have once again usurped something valuable of Israel, and have duped Jesus' sheep into calling upon the name of their Pagan lord, Yahweh. I would plead with our people to be very suspicious of anything Edomites offer us, especially their so-called Hebrew translation of our Old Testament, their Masoretic Text, which showcases the sacred name of THEIR lord.   

        If you are interested in a study of the many sacred names which the Jewish mystics use, I would recommend a book, Gates of Light, by Rabbi Joseph Gikatilla, who was born in 1248AD. The book was published in 1994 as one of the Bronfman Library of Jewish Classics. Here are a few quotes from the book.
        "Gates of Light is an encyclopaedia of God’s Names as well as a map which reveals the connections between the words in the Torah and the Names of God." (p. xvii)
        "The ineffable Name YHVH represents God’s core and proves God’s unmediated link between His core and the Jewish people." (p. xix)
        "The one who knows which Name of God to petition for what he wishes is like one who has the proverbial keys to the kingdom." (p. xx)
        "those who want their needs fulfilled by employing the Holy Names should try with all their strength to comprehend the meaning of each Name of God as they are recorded in the Torah, names such as EHYE, YH, YHVH, AdoNaY, EL, ELOH, EloHIM, ShaDaY, TZVAOT. One should be aware that all the names mentioned in the Torah are the keys for anything a person needs in the world." (p.5)
        "you need to know that there are fifty-four quadriliteral Names connected to YHVH which add up to two hundred and sixteen letters. These fifty-four Names contain the secret for drawing from the power of all that exists in the world; they are like the soul of the two hundred and sixteen letters which are contained in the verses [of Exodus 14:19-21]. Everything created is included in these fifty-four Names, and these Names are the means for fulfilling the needs of every creature through the intercession of AdoNaY." (p. 15)
        Well, that should give you some idea of what the sacred names mean to the Edomite Jews, even still today. It saddens me deeply that so many good Christians are turning away from the Greek (which EVERYONE spoke at Jesus’ time in the entire Middle East because Alexander had forced it) to the Aramaic or pseudo-Hebrew/Jewish names for Jesus and for God. Aramaic is a language of the Afro-Asian language tree, not the Indo-European tree which our ancestors used from their time in the garden of Eden, on down through Sanskrit, Phoenician, Greek, and finally the Germanic languages and English. The so-called "Hebrew" is a mongrel language that developed during the captivities when the Israelites mixed their native Phoenician language with the Aramaic of their captors. The Hebrew language never even had an alphabet until the Herodian script was invented near the time of Christ, so the Old Testament could not have been written in it. The Aramaic languages were native to the Cain race which migrated into the Sumer region (Babylon) prior to Noah's descendants. Without understanding better, many of our people are scorning the language of God’s race in the Bible, and they are choosing the language of Christ’s enemies, the race of Satan from Cain and from Edom. Our Bible NEVER promoted any such magic practices, nor is there any hint that God has some kind of sacred name which has a power in itself. All that nonsense is from the Jews, and they must be laughing to watch good Christians venerating their blasphemous "names." We have followed the arch-deceivers into their pit again!
        As for the name of God, our Indo-European language tradition has an impressive and consistent history. In Sanskrit, the name was dyus; in Phoenician & ancient Briton it was dias; in Greek it was theos and zeus; in Latin it was deus.  The word YHWH never entered our Bible until nearly 1,000 AD when the Masoretic Text (MT) in Hebrew was completed and presented to the Roman Catholic church as the authentic original language and text of the Old Testament. The eastern half of Christendom at that time rejected the text as fraudulent and retained the Greek Septuagint of 285 BC, which they still use today.
        The name, "Jesus," is the proper English pronunciation for His true Greek name of IESU. The Aramaic pronunciation for IESU is "yahshua." That Aramaic name is then translated into English as Joshua. It was a IESU who led the Israelites across the Jordan into Canaan, their promised land. And it will be IESU again who leads God's people from this kingdom of World into the Kingdom of Heaven. To use the Aramaic pronunciation, namely "yahshua," is a mistake. Jesus, his disciples, and everyone else spoke Greek. Some of the Cain races who were their neighbors retained their native language of Aramaic along with the common language of Greek. Certainly, Jesus and his friends knew some Aramaic (He even spoke a phrase of it from the cross, Eli, Eli, lamasabachthani, where "El" was a generic name for God. But Greek was their first language because it had naturally evolved from the Phoenician language of their ancestors. Those who claim that Jesus' first language was Aramaic are simply wrong. Greek is the language of our people.
        Ultimately, the case for or against the sacred name YHWH is just circumstantial. There is little material evidence to support the Edomite claim that the name was even known to any patriarch or existed in any ancient scripture. There was no Hebrew language until after the captivities and there was no Hebrew alphabet until the Herodian Script which was invented just before Jesus arrived. There was no Hebrew Old Testament text until 1,000 AD. The sacred name idea was unknown to Josephus and Philo. The name YHWH was never used in the Greek Septuagint of 285 BC. Perhaps the most convincing argument against the sacred name usage is that it is part of the religion of a race of people who are notorious liars, as Jesus accused them in John 8:44. Also, there is no place in the entire Bible that God ever suggested a personal name for Himself, and certainly there is no favorable support of a religion of magic for the sake of attaining worldly desires. Lastly, the name YHWH is from the Afro-Asian language family, not from the Indo-European (Aryan) family which is the language lineage of Adam, Noah, Abraam, and Israel. I would welcome information from anyone that might suggest ANY circumstantial evidence in support of the sacred name YHWH as authentic for pre-captivities Israelites.
        So, the conclusion of this case is left to each person as an individual. If you feel attracted to call upon the Pagan god of the Edomites, you may have found your proper place in the eternal program. If you feel that the highest form of religion is to seek worldly wealth and to use techniques and rituals, then you might even feel drawn to the magical Kabbalah. But, if you feel that your spiritual relationship with God is personal and intimate and something beyond rituals, worldly concerns and magic names, then you will probably feel more attracted to Jesus as your Lord. Jesus said, in the last chapter of His revelation to John, "Let the one who is unrighteous still be unrighteous, and the filthy one be filthy still, and let the righteous one do righteousness still, and let the holy one be holy still." It is not my wish to convince anyone of anything; I merely present some information for your consideration. I offer nothing for sale and have no vested interest in whatever God might choose to do with my work. As I have been freely given, so do I give freely. You may consider what I say, or not. The matter is between you and your God, whichever one of them you choose.
The following is a letter which I wrote to a yahwist with whom I have corresponded over a period of months. He did present to me all of the arguments which support the yahwist claim of sacred-name. But those arguments were shallow and easily refuted by historical known facts. Somewhat edited, here is the jist of that letter.

Dear . . . . . . . . ,
        I wish to thank you for discussing the yahweh issue with me this past year. I have learned a lot. It has been my only real opportunity to examine the thinking of a yahwist, and has been something of an eye-opener for me. I’ve known only a few yahwists before and found that none of them were willing to defend their religion with evidence. You, at least, did present to me the evidence that you had, all of which was easily refuted. I showed you that from ancient records there is evidence that the tetragrammeton was the name of one of the Edomite gods but there is no evidence that Israel ever shared that same god. From the Bible we can understand that they certainly would not share the same god. We know that Esau married into the Cain race and adopted their Pagan religion which had actually originated with Cain himself, in the worship of his father, Satan, called at that time Enlil, but in later centuries Bel. For a study of Paganism, see  http://remnantradio.org/Archives/articles/PAGANISM.htm. We know from the Bible that most all of the neighboring races around Israel worshipped Bel, aka Baal. But, as one studies the many names of deities of those peoples, it gets very confusing. The names of the deities varied a lot, each nation selecting its own names, even though the basic religion was fairly consistent. Anyway, I am simply saying that the Edomites were one of the nations/families who worshipped Satan through that Pagan religion. Given that fact, we then learn from Egyptian records that one of the Edomite deities was named YHWH. On their list of deities, the Egyptians made no mention that Israelites (who were a large presence there at that time of 1400 BC) honored the same god. Further, there is no evidence that Israel ever used the YHWH name. The name next shows up in the Dead Sea Scrolls which were buried by Edomites around 70 AD. Still no indication that the Greek speaking Israelites ever used the word. Instead, from the Greek Septuagint of 285 BC, we find no hint of any personal name ever being claimed by the Almighty God. Next, about 1,000 AD, the Masoretic "Hebrew" text of the O.T. appears, having been created by the Edomite Jews, the name YHWH appears frequently. Well, Roman Catholicism accepted that spurious Jewish text as authentic and as the original language of the ancient Bible people. The Eastern half of Christendom did not then, nor have they ever accepted it as anything but a fraud. What happened is understandable when we realize the Roman church was influenced by Jews from the time of Constantine (325 AD) and many popes were admitted Jews. So, they accepted the fraud. Next, in the middle ages, we find the Kabbalistic branch of the Jew’s Talmudic religion using the name as their chief of fifty four deity names. Still, no evidence that Israelites or Christians ever used it.
        When the Protestant Reformers corrected some of the egregious and most blasphemous teachings of the Paganist Roman church, they did not address the text-language problem of the scriptures because they were primarily interested in getting Bibles printed for the common people. Sadly, the masoretic text was used for the O.T., and still is the basis of English versions which are all printed by Jewish publishing companies. One has to search for a copy of the Bible which Jesus used, namely the Greek Septuagint (but Brenton's translation is available from CBD, "www.christianbook.com").
        If you really care about researching that yahweh name, it would be well worth the purchase of a book titled GATES OF LIGHT, subtitled "Sha’are Orah" by Rabbi Joseph Gikatilla who was born 1248 AD, translated into English by Avi Weinstein. The book "is an encyclopaedia of God’s Names as well as a map which reveals the connections between the words in the Torah and the Names of God." (p. xvii). He says on p. xx: "The one who knows which Name of God to petition for what he wishes is like one who has the proverbial keys to the kingdom." He goes on to say on page 5: "...those who want their needs fulfilled by employing the Holy Names should try with all their strength to comprehend the meaning of each Name of God as they are recorded in the Torah, names such as EHYE, YH, YHVH, ADoNaY, EL, ELOH, EloHIM, ShaDaY, TZVAOT. One should be aware that all the names mentioned in the Torah are the keys for anything a person needs in the world." On page 15, he says regarding ADoNaY: "Therefore the name instills authority and it is the rightful Name of the Master of the earth through the power invested by the Name YHVH which dwells therein." Most Christians know whom Jesus said was the lord of this world! It appears that Rabbi Gikatilla also knew.
        So, where are we now? Some individuals have adopted the YHWH name from the Edomite Jew's O.T. as their sacred name for God. The ancient evidence points to that name being a god of the Paganist Edomites, a name which they brought to Jerusalem when they took over the temple during the Herodian period prior to Christ. Yahweh is, according to ALL evidence, a god of the Edomites, and in their Pagan religion, that would be Satan himself.
       Christians like myself often think that ancients who worshiped Pagan gods must have been stupid or simple, but we are wrong to think that way. Those who worshipped Cain’s god knew the reality of his presence in their lives, and they knew his power. He who reigns over the kingdom of World is a powerful god indeed as he negatively serves the Almighty’s divine plan of the ages. Soon he is to be overthrown, and then no more yahweh! Jesus will lead us into the kingdom of Heaven and we shall be free from the influence of the great deceiver, that archetype liar of whom Jesus spoke in John 8:44.
From a servant of Jesus,
Roger Hathaway, January 2006

ADDENDUM:
(1) The May/June 2001 issue of BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY REVIEW has an article by Ephraim Stern, titled PAGAN YAHWISM, The Folk Religion of Ancient Israel, beginning on page 21. The article begins with"The Bible imagines the religion of ancient Israel as purely monotheistic. And doubtless there were Israelites, particularly those associated with the Jerusalem Temple, who were strict monotheists. But the archaeological evidence (and the Bible, too, if you read it closely enough) suggests that the monotheism of many Israelites was far from pure. . . . Some Israelites believed that Yahweh had a female consort. And many Israelites invoked the divinity with the help of images, particularly figurines. I call this Israelite religion pagan Yahwism.
        The archaeological evidence we will look at comes mostly from Judah in what is known in archaeological terms as the Assyrian period, the span from 721 B.C.E., when the Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel, until 586 B.C.E., when the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple and brought an end to the Davidic dynasty in Judah."
        The lengthy article contains lots of information regarding the digs and their finds, including one picture of three figurines which are upper-half bodies of females who are holding up their large breasts with their hands. These female figures represent the consorts of Yahweh. It was common among Israel's neighbors that each deity had his own consort, all of which were known by the common names of "Asherah" or "Ashtoreth" or "Astarte." The figurines in the picture in this article are Asherahs of Yahweh.
(2) The November/December 2001 issue of BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY REVIEW has a response to the above article by another archaeologist, who says, regarding some inscriptions that were found, "The main texts, the blessings 'to Yahweh and his Asherah' are in fact the standard format for the opening of a business letter.

        It appears pretty clear that all evidence confirms that the personal name YHWH was borrowed from Israel's pagan neighbors during the captivities by Israelites who also borrowed MUCH from the Chaldean Mystery Schools before they returned to Jerusalem with a religion properly called, Babylonian Talmudic Phariseeism. Egyptians records connect YHWH with some of Israel's neighbors but not with Israel. One need only read the Old Testament to understand that Israel's God was a jealous God whom other nations recognized as Israel's God and not theirs. What scholar wants to speculate that Israel's God was adopted by other nations who were enemies of Israel? I would suggest that those individuals who feel compelled to worship that pagan deity might as well include his Asherah alongside him on their altars. But, for those who care what God's truth really is, let them present some evidence that YHWH was really a proper name for the God of Israel in pre-exile times. Their main evidence is quite limited to the Masoretic fraud in the Edomites' Old Testament of tenth century A.D.
        And for those who think the Hebrew language was the language of our patriarchs, where is any evidence to support that? It doesn't exist. Consider this. The Edomite Jew Masoretes spent three hundred years preparing the Masoretic Text (MT), supposedly just separating the words and adding diacritical marks. Has any scholar asked what manuscript the Masoretes worked from to create their MT? It is assumed that they must have worked from an ancient Hebrew manuscript. BUT, the square letter Herodian Script was only invented during the century before Jesus was born. And there is NO evidence that any Old Testament existed in the Hebrew language or Herodian Script at the time of Jesus. Jewish scholars like Philo and Aristeas the Exegete used the Greek Septuagint exclusively for their exegetical work, assuming that the secrets to understanding God's communique were in the Greek words and nuances. What's more, they made no reference to, nor hint of, any Hebrew text which might be more authentic. As a matter of fact, NO ancient writer hinted that any such text existed.
        It is puzzling beyond belief that there are individuals, who pretend sincere faith, who care not about historical facts. Rather, they adopt beliefs for their religions in spite of strong conflicts against them. Just as with much of mainstream Christianity, religion trumps facts.

Yah (Lah) / Yahweh the Other Egyptian Moon God

Yah, the Other Egyptian Moon God

by Jimmy Dunn

Many topics in ancient Egyptian religion can be fraught with complexities. Trying to understand the changing roles of gods such as Re, Osiris and Amun are difficult if not impossible with the limited text available to us today. However, there are none of these more difficult, or certainly more controversial than the Moon God, Yah.

Moon

It is interesting that the earliest references to the name Yah (Yaeh) refer to the moon as a satellite of the earth in its physical form. From this, the term becomes conceptualized as a lunar deity, pictorially anthropomorphic but whose manifestations, from hieroglyphic evidence, can include the crescent of the new moon, the ibis and the falcon, which is comparable to the other moon deities, Thoth andKhonsu.

Of course, the complexity and controversy of Yah stem from the term's similarity to the early form of the name for the modern god of the Jews (Yahweh), Christians and Muslims, as well as the fact that their ancestors were so intermingled with those of the Egyptians. In fact, this distinctive attribute of this god makes research on his ancient Egyptian mythology all the more difficult.

Little is really know of this god's cult, and there is no references to actual temples or locations where he may have been worshipped.

However, among ancient references, we do seem to find in the Papyrus of Ani several references to the god, though here, his name has been translated as Lah:

In Chapter 2:

"A spell to come forth by day and live after dying. Words spoken by the Osiris Ani:
O One, bright as the moon-god Iah; O One, shining as Iah;
This Osiris Ani comes forth among these your multitudes outside, bringing himself back as a shining one. He has opened the netherworld.
Lo, the Osiris Osiris [sic] Ani comes forth by day, and does as he desires on earth among the living."

And again, in Chapter 18:

"[A spell to] cross over into the land of Amentet by day. Words spoken by the Osiris Ani:
Hermopolis is open; my head is sealed [by] Thoth.
The eye of Horus is perfect; I have delivered the eye of Horus, and my ornament is glorious on the forehead of Ra, the father of the gods.
Osiris is the one who is in Amentet. Indeed, Osiris knows who is not there; I am not there.
I am the moon-god Iah among the gods; I do not fail.
Indeed, Horus stands; he reckons you among the gods."

The high point in Yah's popularity can be found following the the Middle Kingdom when many people immigrated from the Levant and the Hyksos ruled Egypt. Hence, it is likely that contact with the regions of Palestine, Syria and Babylon were important in the development of this god in Egypt. George Hart, in his "A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses" believes that these foreigners in Egypt may have associated Yah with the Akkadian moon-god, Sin, who had an important temple at Harron in north Syria. Like Thoth, Sin was a god of Wisdom, but his other epithets included "Brother of the Earth", Father of the Sun, Father of Gods, as well as others.

Later during the New Kingdom within the Theban royal family, and not so strangely, even though it was they who expunged these foreign rulers from Egypt, the name of the god Yah was incorporated into their names. The daughter of the 17th Dynasty king, Tao I, was Yah-hotep, meaning "Yah is content". The name of the next and last ruler of the 17th Dynasty, Kamose, may have also been derived from Yah. His name means ""the bull is born", and this might be the Egyptian equivalent of the epithet applied to Sin describing him as a "young bull...with strong horns (i.e. the tips of the crescent moon). Also another interpretation of the name of the founder of the 18th Dynasty, Ahmose, is Yahmose, which would mean "Yah is born". However, this was not the only name associated with Hyksos gods to be adopted by these Egyptians.

In the tomb of Tuthmosis III of the 18th Dynasty, who is often called the Napoleon of Egypt, and who was perhaps responsible for Egypt's greatest expansion into the Levant, there is a scene where the king is accompanied by his mother and three queens, including Sit-Yah, the "daughter of the moon-god". However, after this period, the traces of Yah's moon cult in Egypt appear to be sporadic.

At this point, and because this is a scholarly work, we need to point out several important elements surrounding the name of this ancient Egyptian god, beginning with the fact that most Egyptologists throughout the history of that discipline have had difficulty agreeing on the translation of names from ancient text. Of course, this is not unique to Egyptologists, but is a problem throughout ancient studies.

Secondly, the references on Yah as an Egyptian moon god are slim. The best available documentation is that of George Hart, "A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses", but few other scholarly references make mention of this specific Egyptian deity.

Now as an observation, the fact that this deity's name appears so similar to the early form of the Hebrew God, may mean little if anything. A powerful god of one region was often taken by another, including the Egyptians, and almost completely redefined.

In any event, this god did not attain a very high regard within Egypt, and it is unlikely that he had any major effect on the religion of others in his Egyptian form. Rather, it was the Egyptians in this case who were influenced from without.

References:

Most of the information for this article was derived from "A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses by George Hart, published in 1986 by Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05909-7, though additional observations of this author were provided by numerous web sites.

Read more: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/yah.htm#ixzz33hBScwX1

Gods of Egypt

Man's first gods were the forces of nature. Terrifying and unpredictable, they were feared rather than revered by our ancestors. Yet while much of the world was in darkness, worshipping cruel incarnations of natural forces, a river valley in Africa held a people who followed a different path. They worshipped gods that were beautiful to behold, luminous beings that walked the earth, guiding the human race to Paradise. They had human forms but were much more powerful; yet like humans, they got angry, despaired, fought with one another, had children, and fell in love. They lived lives that were very much like those of the people who worshipped them, the ancient Egyptians.

They were gods to be feared yes, as all gods are, but they were also gods to be loved. What's more, the Egyptians enjoyed talking about the gods. Like the gods of the Greeks and Romans, the Egyptian gods seemed to be made for storytelling. There were tales to educate, tales to entertain, and tales with morals, and in those stories, the gods didn't seem so far away and unreachable. It was comforting to hear that the gods also wept for those they had lost, to hear about the gods laughing, to learn that the gods faced many of the same problems that the people did, albeit on a grander scale. In learning about the gods on such an intimate level, the Egyptians could better relate to the universe around them.

The ancient Egyptians practiced a belief system that was part totemism, part polytheism, and part ancestor worship. There were numerous gods, but rather than living on an isolated mountain or in an unreachable heaven, many of them lived invisibly in the mortal world, acting through sacred sites, items, animals, or even chosen people. Furthermore, the spirits of the deceased, if remembered and honored, could aid and guide the living from the Afterlife.

Here we will explore the religion of the ancient Egyptians, how it evolved, how it affected their lives and their development as a civilization. But most importantly, we will try to understand a people through what they believed and in doing so, give them that which they sought most: immortality.

See our Complete Section on the Ancient Egyptian Religion

The Gods

• Aken Ferryman of the Underworld
• Aker Guardian and Gatekeeper of the Underworld
• Am-Heh - Devourer of Millions
• Ament Greeter of the Dead
• Ammit Devourer of the Wicked
• Amun and Amun-Re The King of the Gods
• Anat Mother of Gods
• Andjety A precursor of Osiris
• Anqet The Embracer, Goddess of Fertility and the Nile at Aswan
• Anubis God of Embalming
• Anuke Goddess of War
• Anuket Goddess of the Nile
• Apep The Great Destroyer
• Arensnuphis Anthropomorphic Nubian Deity
• As Kindly God of the Desert
• Astarte, Warrior Goddess of Canaan
• Aten The Sun Disk and later God
• Atum The All-Father
• Auf (Efu Ra) An aspect of the sun god Ra
• Baal, God of Thunder
• Ba-Pef - The Soul
• Babi - The Dominant Male Baboon God
• Banebdjetet God of Lower Egypt
• Bast Beautiful Cat-Goddess
• Bat - Ancient Cow Goddess
• Benu (Bennu) - The Bird of Creation
• Bes Protector of Childbirth
• Dedwen - Nubian God of Resources
• Denwen - The Fiery Serpent
• The Ennead The Nine Great Osirian Gods
• Fetket - The Sun God's Butler
• Geb God of the Earth
• Gengen Wer - The Great Honker
• Hapi God of the Nile River
• Hathor Goddess of Music and Dance
• Hatmehyt - The Fish Goddess
• Haurun, The Victorious Herdsman
• Heh and Hauhet Deities of Infinity and Eternity
• Heqet Frog Goddess
• Heret-Kau - She who is Above the Spirits
• Heryshef, Ruler of the Riverbanks
• Heset Goddess of Plenty
• Hetepes-Sekhus - An Eye of Re
• Hike God of Magic and Medicine
• Horus King of the Gods on Earth
• Hu God of the Spoken Word
• Iabet, Cleanser of Re, Personification of the East
• Ihy - The Child God
• Imhotep Lord of Science and Thought
• Ipy (Opet), A Mother of Osiris
• Isis Queen of the Gods
• Iusaas - Creator Goddess
• Kabechet Helper of Anubis
• Kek and Kauket, Deities of Darkness, Obscurity and Night
• Khenmu The Great Potter
• Kherty - Ram-headed God
• Kephri The Great Scarab
• Khonsu God of the Moon
• Maat Lady of Truth and Order
• Mafdet Goddess of Scorpions and Snakes
• Mahaf - The Ferryman
• Mahes The Lord of the Massacre
• Male Child Gods of Egypt
• Mandulis - The Lower Nubian Sun God
• Mehen Defender of the Sun Boat
• Mehet-Weret - Cow Goddess of the Sky
• Menhit Lion-headed War Goddess
• Mertseger Guardian of the Valley of the Kings
• Meskhenet - Goddess of Childbrith
• Mihos - Son of Bastet
• Min God of Fertility
• Montu, Warrior and Solar God
• Mut Grandmother of the Gods
• Nefertem Lord of the Sunrise
• Nehebkau, the God who Joined the Ka to the Body
• Nekhbet Goddess of the Power of Kings
• Neith Goddess of War and Funerals
• Nephthys Lady of the Wings
• Nun and Naunet Gods of Chaos and Water
• Nut Goddess of the Firmament
• The Ogdoad The Primordial Creation Gods
• Onuris The War God
• Osiris Lord of the Dead
• Pakhet The Strength of Woman
• Panebtawy - The Child God
• Peteese and Pihor - Brother Gods
• Ptah The Creator
• Qadesh - Goddess of Esctasy and Sexual Pleasure
• Re (Ra) The Sun God
• Renenutet Goddess of the Harvest
• Reshep - The Syrian War God
• Sah and Sopdet (Sothis) The Astral God and Goddess
• Satet Goddess of the Inundation
• Satis Guardian of the Borders
• Sebiumeker - Meroitic God of Procreation
• Sefkhet-Abwy - Goddess of Writing and Temple Libraries
• Seker The Resurrected Osiris
• Sekhmet The Eye of Ra
• Sepa - Centipede God
• Serapis the Composit God
• Serqet (Selkis) Scorpion Goddess
• Seshat Goddess of writing, measurements
• Set God of Evil
• Shay - Personified Destiny
• Shesmetet - Leonine Goddess
• Shesmu Demon god of the Win Press
• Shu God of the Air and Sky
• Sia - The Perceptive Mind
• Sobek Guard of the Gods
• Sons of Horus Gods of the Viscera and the Canopic Jars
• Sopedu - The Border Patrol God
• Ta-Bitjet - A Wife of Horus
• Tasenetnofret - The Good Sister
• Taweret Goddess Demoness of Birth
• Tayet - Goddess of Weaving
• Tefnut Goddess of Moisture
• Tatenen - "Father of Gods" and the God of the Rising Earth
• Thoth God of Wisdom
• Wadj Wer - The Pregnant God
• Wadjet The Serpent Goddess
• Weneg - Ancient Son of Re
• Wepwawet (Upuaut) The Opener of the Ways
• Wosret - Goddess of Thebes
• Yah - Another Moon God
• Yamm - God of the Sea

Read more: http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/#ixzz33h91NRgR

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